OPHRAH

OPHRAH
OPHRAH

OPHRAH

Sanctuaire traditionnel de la tribu de Manassé et du clan d’Abiézer situé au cœur de la montagne de Cisjordanie. D’après les traditions bibliques, Gédéon détruit l’autel et le pieu sacré du sanctuaire cananéen d’Ophrah dédié à Baal (Jug., VI, 25-32) et y bâtit un nouvel autel à côté de l’arbre sacré (Jug., VI, 11-24), de telle façon que ce sanctuaire soit désormais dédié à Yahvé, Dieu d’Israël. Après la victoire de Gédéon sur les Madianites, les Israélites veulent le proclamer roi d’Israël (Jug., VIII, 22-23), mais il refuse et se contente de faire faire un éphod (objet cultuel en or qui reste malheureusement indéterminé) richement orné et, ainsi, d’exercer avec honneur le sacerdoce du sanctuaire d’Ophrah qu’il a purifié. C’est là qu’il meurt après une vieillesse heureuse. Après sa mort, un de ses nombreux fils, Abimélek, massacre tous ses frères avant de se faire reconnaître comme roi, à Sichem (Jug., IX, 1-5). Dès lors, il n’est plus fait mention du sanctuaire d’Ophrah dans les textes bibliques.

Le site antique d’Ophrah a été très diversement localisé; situé non loin de Sichem, dans le clan d’Abiézer qui se trouvait au sud-ouest du mont Garizim, on peut proposer d’identifier Ophrah avec Fer‘at , à douze kilomètres au sud-ouest de Sichem, mais aucune fouille archéologique ne l’a reconnu de façon certaine.

Encyclopédie Universelle. 2012.

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